My friend Todd Cobb, who just moved to New York leaving me without our rambly writing gabfests, was surprised I’d never read On Writing by Stephen King. I have to admit to having some anti-genre fiction prejudice (aside from my narrow but intense interest in mystery/noir), despite the fact that I know several people who publish/webdesign/write pretty cool sci-fi:—the silliness of taste, that we like one thing and not the other, what can I say? So, have actually never read any Stephen King before this book, shockingly, though I may have to remedy that.
The cool thing about this writing book is it’s mostly not a writing book in the typical sense. It’s not like John Gardner’s The Art of Fiction, which begins by talking about aesthetic principles and the impossibility of aesthetic principles, that they “prove relative under pressure.” Which is no doubt true, that there are Things to Think About When Writing Fiction and Things To Watch Out For, that we’ll kill our intuition however if we get too rigid about following aesthetic absolutes which are so abstract as to be useless in practice. Of course, Gardner’s entire discussion is in itself pretty abstract—not to say that it isn’t insightful, but as Gardner himself said, that kind of abstraction is not always useful if what you want to do is simply tell a good story.
I am aware, mind you, that this post itself is somewhat abstract.
Which is where King’s book really shines, because it just takes us along for the ride with him in a very practical, humble manner. I wonder if this is in part because he writes genre fiction; he does say in the first section of the book—a short memoir of his life as a writer—that his HS principal found a copy of a self-published book (a proto-zine?) and asked him why he wrote this “junk” when he was so talented. Perhaps writing fiction that is meant for a general audience helps a person avoid some of this abstraction about technique?
Literary fiction tends to use a lot of fancy pants technique. At a Tin House lecture on defamiliarization by Anthony Doerr this last Wednesday, he talked about Victor Shlovsky’s theory about avoiding received language. Shlovsky encourages us to make “objects ‘unfamiliar,’ to make forms difficult, to increase the difficulty and length of perception” in order to keep described objects (people, things, events, what have you) from the automatization of perception. This happens to be a pet theory of mine, something I first heard about in an undergrad lit theory class and was corrupted by, that to find a more physical way of describing things makes the reader experience them more directly. It also relates pretty directly to Julia Kristeva’s semiotic theory, her idea that a way to subvert the abstraction of the symbolic aspect of language—the signified—is to work more on the level of the signifier, or the rhythm and melody of the words themselves. In a word, the language. Gertrude Stein can be read as working primarily on this level, as can James Joyce. I also think you can do this through figurative language. Kate Braverman is a great example of this. The problem, of course, is that there’s a limited audience for this kind of thing.
Doerr ended his lecture by saying that there’s a balance there that you have to make a choice about as a writer, how accessible you want to be, which I think is a way of saying that using less received language makes the language fresh, but you also have to consider how much you want the story to tick along. Sometimes you kill some darlings.
This also seems to be King’s opinion—tools basic to a writer are character and situation. And not plot, actually. He believes the spontaneity of creativity is incompatible with careful plotting. For him, the situation comes first, and then the characters. Like many novelists report, characters often take off in unexpected directions once he starts writing. “For a suspense novelist, this is a great thing…if I’m not able to guess with any accuracy how the damned thing is going to turn out, even with my inside knowledge of coming events, I can be pretty sure of keeping the reader in a state of page-turning anxiety.”
He also, however, says that vocabulary is the most commonly used tool of a writer. “The word is only a representation of the meaning; at best, writing almost always falls short of full meaning.” Given that, use the most fitting word you can find. Wow, overtones of Shlovsky here? So I think we come back to the relativity of principles under pressure—sometimes you gotta stick to the story, and sometimes you gotta revel in language. Thank god. I do love to revel in language. And there’s only so many darlings I can bear to kill.